Перевод и анализ слов искусственным интеллектом ChatGPT
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- этимология
expressed his reservation - перевод на испанский
![[[Red Cliff Indian Reservation]] in Wisconsin during their annual [[pow wow]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bayfield county IMG 1612 red cliff wisconsin 34th powwow.JPG?width=200 "[[Red Cliff Indian Reservation]] in Wisconsin during their annual [[pow wow]]")
![The reservations of the [[Five Civilized Tribes]] that were the subject of ''[[McGirt v. Oklahoma]]''](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Boundaries of the Five Tribes in 1866.svg?width=200 "The reservations of the [[Five Civilized Tribes]] that were the subject of ''[[McGirt v. Oklahoma]]''")
![Fort Stanwix]], New York](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fort Stanwix National Monument FTST3697.jpg?width=200 "Fort Stanwix]], New York")
![Laguna Indian reservation]] in New Mexico (pictured here in March 1943), are in the western United States, often in regions suitable more for [[ranching]] than farming.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/New-mexico-rez.jpg?width=200 "Laguna Indian reservation]] in New Mexico (pictured here in March 1943), are in the western United States, often in regions suitable more for [[ranching]] than farming.")
![Wagon loaded with squash, [[Rosebud Indian Reservation]], ca. 1936](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Wagon loaded with squash - NARA - 285663.jpg?width=200 "Wagon loaded with squash, [[Rosebud Indian Reservation]], ca. 1936")
Ex: The author describes the methodology and findings of a citation analysis on 2 aspects of economic development on Indian reservations.
Определение
Википедия
In genetics, an expressed sequence tag (EST) is a short sub-sequence of a cDNA sequence. ESTs may be used to identify gene transcripts, and were instrumental in gene discovery and in gene-sequence determination. The identification of ESTs has proceeded rapidly, with approximately 74.2 million ESTs now available in public databases (e.g. GenBank 1 January 2013, all species). EST approaches have largely been superseded by whole genome and transcriptome sequencing and metagenome sequencing.
An EST results from one-shot sequencing of a cloned cDNA. The cDNAs used for EST generation are typically individual clones from a cDNA library. The resulting sequence is a relatively low-quality fragment whose length is limited by current technology to approximately 500 to 800 nucleotides. Because these clones consist of DNA that is complementary to mRNA, the ESTs represent portions of expressed genes. They may be represented in databases as either cDNA/mRNA sequence or as the reverse complement of the mRNA, the template strand.
One can map ESTs to specific chromosome locations using physical mapping techniques, such as radiation hybrid mapping, Happy mapping, or FISH. Alternatively, if the genome of the organism that originated the EST has been sequenced, one can align the EST sequence to that genome using a computer.
The current understanding of the human set of genes (as of 2006) includes the existence of thousands of genes based solely on EST evidence. In this respect, ESTs have become a tool to refine the predicted transcripts for those genes, which leads to the prediction of their protein products and ultimately of their function. Moreover, the situation in which those ESTs are obtained (tissue, organ, disease state - e.g. cancer) gives information on the conditions in which the corresponding gene is acting. ESTs contain enough information to permit the design of precise probes for DNA microarrays that then can be used to determine gene expression profiles.
Some authors use the term "EST" to describe genes for which little or no further information exists besides the tag.
